Introduce
Magetsi mawiricheyazvakashandura hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu, zvichipa kufamba uye kusununguka kune vanhu vane hurema. Ichi chinoshamisa chekugadzira mhedzisiro yemakumi emakore ehunyanzvi, huinjiniya uye kusimudzira. Mubhuku rino, tichaongorora nhoroondo yemawiricheya emagetsi, tichitsvaga kushanduka kwawo kubva pamagadzirirwo emaoko ekutanga kusvika kumhando dzemagetsi dzakaoma dzatinoona nhasi.
Kutanga Kwekutanga: Manual Wheel chair
Kuberekwa kwewiricheya
Pfungwa yemawiricheya yakatanga kare. Chiwiriri chekare chakatanga kuzivikanwa chakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechitanhatu kuna Mambo Philip II weSpain. Mudziyo wacho chaive chituru chepuranga chakaiswa pamavhiri kuitira kuti mambo akwanise kufamba-famba zviri nyore. Kwemazana emakore, mawiricheya akashanduka uye magadzirirwo awo ave akaomarara. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, wiricheya yokutanga inopeteka yakabuda, zvichiita kuti chokufambisa chive nyore.
Kuganhurirwa kwemawiricheya emaoko
Nepo mawiricheya emaoko achipa kufamba, anoda simba rakawanda repamusoro remuviri uye kutsungirira. Aya mawiricheya kazhinji haana kukwana kune vanhu vane simba shoma kana kufamba. Kudiwa kwemhinduro iri nyore kwakawedzera kuoneka, zvichigadzira danho rekugadzirwa kwemawiricheya emagetsi.
Kuberekwa kwemagetsi wiricheya
The 20th Century: The Age of Innovation
Kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 yaive nguva yekukurumidza kusimukira kwetekinoroji. Kugadzirwa kwemota yemagetsi kwakavhura mikana mitsva yemafoni efoni. Yekutanga yemagetsi wheelchair prototypes yakatanga kuoneka muma1930, kunyanya kune vanhu vane hurema hunokonzerwa neporiyo nezvimwe zvirwere.
Yekutanga yemagetsi wiricheya
Muna 1952, muumbi wekuCanada George Klein akagadzira wiricheya yemagetsi yekutanga, inozivikanwa se "Klein Electric Wheelchair." Iri dhizaini rinoputsa rinoshandisa mota dzinofambiswa nebhatiri uye majombo ekufambisa. Kugadzirwa kwaKlein kwaive kusvetukira kukuru, kupa vashandisi rusununguko rwakakura uye kufamba.
Kufambira mberi mukugadzira uye teknolojia
The 1960s uye 1970s: Kunatsiridzwa uye Mukurumbira
Sezvo mawiricheya ane simba akawedzera mukurumbira, vagadziri vakatanga kuvandudza magadzirirwo avo. Kuunzwa kwezvinhu zvisingaremi zvakaita sealuminium nepurasitiki kwaita kuti mawiricheya emagetsi akwanise kutakurika uye kuve nyore kufambisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yebhatiri inobvumira nguva refu yekushandisa uye nekukurumidza kuchaja.
Kuwedzera kwekugadzirisa
Pakazosvika ma1970, mawiricheya emagetsi akawedzera kugoneka. Vashandisi vanogona kusarudza kubva kwakasiyana maficha, anosanganisira zvigaro zvinogadziriswa, kurerekera uye kurerekera sarudzo, uye akasarudzika ekutonga. Kugadzirisa uku kunobvumira vanhu kuti vagadzirise wiricheya kune zvavanoda chaizvo, kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kushandiswa.
Basa rekukurudzira uye mutemo
Disability Rights Movement
Makore ekuma1960 nema1970 akaonawo kubuda kwesangano rekodzero dzevakaremara, iro raikurudzira kuti vanhu vakaremara vawanikwe nyore uye vabatanidzwe. Vashandi vanorwira mutemo unovimbisa kodzero dzakaenzana uye kuwana nzvimbo yeruzhinji, dzidzo nemabasa.
Rehabilitation Act ye1973
Chimwe chezvikamu zvemutemo zvakakosha yaive Rehabilitation Act ye1973, iyo yairambidza rusarura kune vanhu vakaremara muzvirongwa zvinotsigirwa nehurumende. Bhiri iri rinovhura nzira yekuwedzera mari yeruzivo rwemichina yekubatsira, kusanganisira mawiricheya emagetsi, zvichiita kuti asvike kune vanoada.
Ma1980 nema1990: Tekinoroji Kubudirira
Microprocessor Technology
Kuunzwa kweiyo microprocessor tekinoroji muma1980s yakachinja mawiricheya emagetsi. Kufambira mberi uku kunobvumira hurongwa hwekutonga hwakaoma, huchibvumira vashandisi kufambisa mawiricheya avo nemazvo. Zvimiro zvakaita sekudzora kumhanya, kuona zvipingamupinyi uye zvirongwa zvinogoneka zvinouya zvakajairika.
Kubuda kwemagetsi ekubatsira magetsi
Munguva iyi, michina yekubatsira magetsi yakagadziridzwawo kuti ibvumidze vashandisi vemawiricheya emaoko kuti vabatsirwe nerubatsiro rwemagetsi emagetsi. Midziyo iyi inogona kusungirirwa kune mawiricheya aripo kuti ape rimwe simba pazvinenge zvichidiwa.
21st Century: Intelligent Technology uye Ramangwana
Kubatanidzwa kwehungwaru tekinoroji
Kupinda muzana ramakore rechi21, mawiricheya emagetsi atanga kubatanidza tekinoroji yakangwara. Zvimiro zvakaita seBluetooth yekubatanidza, smartphone apps uye GPS navigation system zviripo, zvichibvumira vashandisi kudzora vari kure wiricheya uye kuwana ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo nezve nharaunda yavo.
Kukwira kwemawiricheya akazvimirira
Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura mumarobhoti nehungwaru hwekugadzira kwakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemawiricheya emagetsi emagetsi. Zvishandiso izvi zvitsva zvinogona kufamba munzvimbo dzakaoma, kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi, uye kunyange kutakura vashandisi kuenda kunzvimbo dzakanangana pasina kupinza kwemaoko. Kunyangwe ichiri muchikamu chekuyedza, matekinoroji aya ane vimbiso huru yeramangwana rekufamba.
Impact yemagetsi mawiricheya munharaunda
Wedzera kuzvimirira
Mawiricheya emagetsi ane simba guru pahupenyu hwevanhu vakaremara. Nekupa kufamba kukuru uye kuzvimiririra, zvishandiso izvi zvinoita kuti vashandisi vatore chikamu zvizere munharaunda. Vanhu vazhinji vaimbovimba nevachengeti vekufambisa zvino vanogona kufamba nharaunda yavo vakazvimirira.
Kuchinja maonero ehurema
Kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemawiricheya emagetsi kuri kubatsirawo kusandura maonero evanhu nezvehurema. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vakaremara vanova vatori vechikamu vanoshingaira munharaunda dzavo, mafungiro evanhu anoshanduka, zvichiita kuti vagamuchirwe zvikuru uye vabatanidzwe.
Matambudziko negwara remangwana
Accessibility and Affordability
Pasinei nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira magetsi ewiricheya, matambudziko achiripo. Kuwanikwa uye kugona kuchiri zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha kune vanhu vazhinji. Kunyangwe kuvharwa kweinishuwarenzi yemawiricheya emagetsi kwave nani, vashandisi vazhinji vachiri kutarisana nemitengo yekunze-yehomwe.
Kudiwa kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji, dhizaini yewiricheya yemagetsi inoda nekukurumidza inoenderera mberi. Zviitiko zveramangwana zvinofanirwa kunangana nekusimudzira ruzivo rwemushandisi, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri uye kubatanidza maficha ekuchengetedza epamusoro.
mukupedzisa
Nhoroondo yemagetsi mawiricheya chiratidzo chehuchenjeri hwevanhu uye kutsvaga kusununguka kwevanhu vane hurema. Kubva payakatanga kuderera kusvika pamichina yakaomarara yazvava nhasi, mawiricheya emagetsi akachinja hupenyu hwevanhu uye akachinja maonero anoita vanhu hurema. Kuenderera mberi, kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kurudziro kuchave kwakakosha pakuona kuti mawiricheya emagetsi anowanikwa uye anokwanisika kune vese vanoada. Rwendo rwewiricheya yemagetsi rwuri kure nekupera uye kushanda kwayo pasina mubvunzo kucharamba kuchinzwika kuzvizvarwa zvichauya.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-25-2024